Procedures

Procedures are also called functions or subroutines. The basic idea is to encapsulate an operation, so they are a form of abstraction. While they can be used to avoid having multiple copies of same code, the real reason for having them is as an aid to clarity of thought and of presentation.

• Form of a function definition
• Function names returning a value
• A brief digression to non-ANSI C
• Returning values via arguments
• Recursion
• Accessing items in C
  • Scope and extent
• Linkage in C
  • No linkage
  • Internal linkage
  • External linkage
• Definition and declaration
• How automatic variables are managed
  • The stack
  • Creating and deleting automatic variables
  • Recursion
  • A warning
• Program structure
  • Top-down design
  • Bottom-up design